Macro

EQUISIGMA INVESTOR ACADEMY SUNDAY LEARNING SERIES | LESSON 6 Debt-to-Equity Ratio – When Borrowing Helps a Company Grow, and When Debt Becomes a Danger Debt is not automatically bad. The real question is whether the business can use it productively and comfortably service it. 1. Quick Recap: From Profitability to Financial Risk Last Sunday we studied ROE and saw how leverage can make ROE look unusually high. This week we examine debt directly through the Debt-to-Equity (D/E)

EQUISIGMA INVESTOR ACADEMY SUNDAY LEARNING SERIES | LESSON 5 ROE – The Profitability Ratio Every Investor Must Understand How efficiently does a company convert shareholders' money into profits? 1. Quick Recap: From Valuation to Business Quality In the first four lessons we studied P/E, PEG, P/B and EV/EBITDA. Those ratios help us understand valuation. This week we shift to profitability and business quality. A stock can look cheap and still represent a weak business. ROE h

Equisigma Investor Academy – Sunday Learning Series Lesson 4: EV/EBITDA – The Professional Investor's Favorite Valuation Metric Quick Recap After learning P/E, PEG and P/B, we now move to EV/EBITDA, a valuation ratio widely used by institutional investors and investment bankers. What is Enterprise Value? Enterprise Value (EV) measures the total value of a business by considering market capitalization, debt and cash. EV = Market Capitalization + Debt – Cash. What is EBITDA? EB

Lesson 2: PEG Ratio – Why a High P/E Stock Can Sometimes Be Cheaper Than a Low P/E Stock A Quick Recap Last week we learnt that the Price-to-Earnings (P/E) Ratio tells us how much investors are willing to pay for every 1/- of a company's earnings. However, P/E alone does not tell us how fast those earnings are growing. What is the PEG Ratio? PEG stands for Price/Earnings-to-Growth Ratio. It adjusts the P/E ratio for the company's expected earnings growth, making it a more bal

Indian Market Indian equity markets ended the week on a strong note, supported by resilient domestic economic fundamentals, healthy GST collections, improving industrial activity, and continued expansion in both manufacturing and services sectors. Although the week began with two consecutive sessions of profit booking amid cautious global sentiment, markets recovered strongly during the second half, driven by improving investor confidence, expectations of easier global moneta

Most investors believe that success in the stock market depends purely on intelligence, technical knowledge, or access to information. In reality, the biggest determinant of long-term success is emotional discipline. Markets are designed to test human psychology every single day. When markets rise sharply, greed takes over and investors begin chasing stocks without understanding valuation or risk. When markets correct, fear dominates and quality businesses are often sold in p

Indian Market Indian equity benchmarks ended the week with marginal gains amid heightened volatility and sharp intraday swings. The S&P BSE Sensex rose 177.36 points or 0.23% to settle at 75,415.35, while the Nifty 50 gained 75.80 points or 0.32% to close at 23,719.30. Broader markets delivered mixed performance, with the BSE Mid-Cap index rising 1.09% to 16,374.34, while the Small-Cap index remained flat with a marginal decline of 0.03% to 6,682.86. Market sentiment remained

Indian and Global Market Outlook Indian Market Indian equity markets ended the fifth straight week on a weaker note, reflecting heightened volatility and cautious investor sentiment amid global uncertainties. The Sensex declined 1.27% to 73,583, while the Nifty 50 slipped 1.28% to 22,819, with the broader small-caps and mid-caps losing 0.6% and 1.4%, respectively. The week saw sharp swings and initial losses due to rising geopolitical tensions, a record-low rupee, and elevate